在古代世界中，古印度的哲学思想以其深邃、多元和影响深远而著称。这些哲学体系不仅深刻影响了南亚次大陆的文化和社会发展，而且通过贸易和文化交流传播到了其他地区，对包括中国在内的东方文明产生了重要影响。本文将探讨古印度哲学的多样面貌，尤其是从瑜伽到数论这两个著名的哲学流派及其主要观点。

1. 瑜伽哲学（Yoga Philosophy）

瑜伽哲学是古印度六大正统哲学体系之一，其核心概念是“瑜伽”，意指控制心识的活动或实现个体与宇宙本体的合一。瑜伽哲学强调通过特定的身体姿势、呼吸控制以及冥想等实践来达到精神上的平静和超脱。瑜伽的目的是超越生死的轮回，体验永恒的自由和解脱。

(a) 八支分法瑜伽（Ashtanga Yoga）

由帕坦伽利（Patanjali）所创立的八支分法瑜伽是最为著名的瑜伽哲学系统之一。它包含道德规范（制戒、内制）、体位法（坐姿）、调息法、摄受（感官收摄）、心灵集中（禅定时身心经由定的势力领纳平等相安之相）、禅定时平等受用相续现前（平等受用如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦如梦